Mælkebøtter: Potentielle Fordele, Dosering Og Bivirkninger

2024 Forfatter: Cecilia Ryder | [email protected]. Sidst ændret: 2023-12-17 14:20

Mælkebøtter kaldes videnskabeligt Taraxacum officinale. De er ikke kun de irriterende ukrudt, der skiller sig ud i din baghave. I traditionel medicin vides det, at disse er blevet brugt til deres medicinske egenskaber.

Dyreforsøg viser, at mælkebøtte kan hjælpe med behandlingen af diabetes (1). Mere forskning belyser de mulige sundhedsmæssige fordele ved mælkebøtter, herunder bekæmpelse af betændelse og kræft.

Her vil vi undersøge de forskellige måder, som denne blomst kan hjælpe med at fremme dit helbred og dit velbefindende.

Indholdsfortegnelse

• Hvad er de potentielle sundhedsmæssige fordele ved mælkebøtter?
• Hvad er ernæringsprofilen * af mælkebøtter?
• Sådan forbruges mælkebøtter
• Sådan laver du mælkebøtte
• Hvad er den ideelle dosis af mælkebøtter?
• Har mælkebøtter nogen bivirkninger?

Hvad er de potentielle sundhedsmæssige fordele ved mælkebøtter?

De bioaktive forbindelser i mælkebøtter kan hjælpe med at bekæmpe betændelse og endda kræft. De kan også hjælpe med at sænke blodsukkeret. Mens deres indhold af calcium og K-vitamin kan styrke knogler, kan deres jernindhold hjælpe med at forhindre anæmi.

1. Kan hjælpe med at bekæmpe betændelse

Celler behandlet med mælkebøtteforbindelser viste sig at have lavere niveauer af inflammation. Polysacchariderne fra mælkebøtte har antiinflammatoriske og antioxidative egenskaber, der spiller en lovende rolle i denne henseende (2).

Mælkebøtte virker ved at reducere produktionen af proinflammatoriske cytokiner, som er forbindelser, der normalt er involveret i kroppens betændelse (3).

I en anden undersøgelse, der involverede mus med lungebetændelse, viste det sig, at introduktion af mælkebøtte (Taraxacum mongolicum, dyrket i Kina) forbedrede tilstanden (4).

2. Kan reducere kræftrisikoen

Undersøgelser udført på mælkebøtterod (og citrongræsekstrakter) viste, at det havde potentiale mod kræft. Roden viste sig at inducere apoptose (kræftcelledød) og øge virkningen af kemoterapi. Denne undersøgelse blev udført på prostatacancerceller (5).

Mælkebøtte rodekstrakt kan være et ikke-giftigt og effektivt anti-kræft alternativ. Det var i stand til at udløse programmeret celledød af kræftceller i kolorektal kræftmodeller. Den molekylære kompleksitet (en bestemt parameter involveret i lægemiddelopdagelse) af rodekstraktet kunne være ansvarlig for denne anticanceraktivitet (6).

Mælkebøtte rodekstrakt blev også fundet for at forhindre leverkræft (7). Lignende effekter blev også observeret i kræft i bugspytkirtlen (8).

Selvom disse fund er opmuntrende, er der behov for mere forskning for at forstå og fastslå, hvordan mælkebøtte kan forhindre og behandle kræft hos mennesker.

3. Kan hjælpe Diabetesbehandling

Chicoriske og klorogene syrer i mælkebøtte har et stort potentiale som antidiabetiske ernæringsmidler og lægemidler til regulering af diabetes. Syrerne indeholder phenolforbindelser, der kan fremme blomstens antidiabetiske virkninger (1).

I en undersøgelse viste det sig, at både mælkebøtteblade og rødderne havde lignende terapeutiske virkninger på personer med diabetes. Disse kan fremme patienternes langsigtede sundhed og trivsel (9). Den langsigtede effekt af mælkebøtteforbruget skal imidlertid undersøges.

Andre bioaktive forbindelser i mælkebøtte, der tilbyder antidiabetiske fordele, indbefatter phenoler, flavonoider, phenolsyrer og triterpener. Roden af mælkebøtte indeholder inulin, som indeholder komplekse kulhydrater. Disse hjælper med at normalisere blodsukkerniveauet (1).

4. Kan fremme hjertesundhed

Mus behandlet med mælkebøtteekstrakter viste et dramatisk fald i niveauerne af triglycerider og kolesterol. Når mus blev fodret med en fedtfattig diæt suppleret med ekstraktet, blev der observeret reduceret hepatisk lipidakkumulering (10).

Lignende fund blev observeret i en kaninstudie. Hos kaniner, der blev fodret med en fedtfattig diæt, forbedrede introduktionen af mælkebøtteroden antioxidantstatus og sænkede serumkolesterolniveauer. Roden bekæmper også oxidativt stress og kan fremme hjertesundheden (11).

Mælkebøtte kan også fremme hjertesundheden ved at sænke blodtryksniveauerne. Planten indeholder kalium (12). Undersøgelser viser, at regelmæssig kalium i kosten kan hjælpe med at sænke blodtryksniveauerne (13).

5. Kan hjælpe med vægttab

Mælkebøtte viste sig at have effekter svarende til et populært vægttabsmedicin (Orlistat), som virker ved at hæmme bugspytkirtel-lipase. Bukspyttkjertel lipase er et enzym frigivet under fordøjelsen, der hjælper med nedbrydning af fedt. Hæmning af dette enzym kan ændre den måde, fedt absorberes i kroppen på, hvilket muligvis hjælper med vægttab (14). Imidlertid kræves yderligere undersøgelser for at belyse mælkebøtteens anti-fedmeeffekter hos mennesker.

Mælkebøtte er en bitter urt. Undersøgelser viser, at bitre urter, når de tages som te inden de spiser, kan stimulere gastrisk sekretion og fremme kolesterol og fedtnedbrydning. På denne måde kan de supplere din vægttabsindsats (15).

6. Kan fremme knoglesundhed

Mælkebøttegrønt er gode kilder til K-vitamin og calcium (12). Begge disse næringsstoffer er forbundet med knoglesundhed.

K-vitamin er kendt for at øge dannelsen af knogler. Det kan også regulere calciumbalance og knoglemetabolisme. Ud over at øge knoglemineraltætheden reducerer K-vitamin også brudhastigheder (16).

Calciumindtag påvirker også knoglesundheden på en positiv måde. Det spiller en vigtig rolle i forebyggelsen af knogletab og brud (17).

Forbindelserne i mælkebøtte indeholder præbiotika, som viste sig at forbedre calciumabsorptionen. På denne måde kan de også spille en rolle i knoglesundheden (18).

7. Kan forbedre leverens sundhed

Mælkebøtterot kan fremme leverens sundhed på flere måder. I en undersøgelse kunne det lindre fedtfattig diætinduceret ikke-alkoholisk fedtleversygdom og også reducere alkoholinduceret oxidativ stress (19).

Nogle undersøgelser antyder også, at mælkebøtte kan fremme genopretning fra leverskade (20).

8. Kan øge immuniteten

The flavonoid contents of dandelion may have a major impact on the human immune system. It contains short-chain fatty acids, which were found to boost immune function and prevent infectious diseases in weaned pigs (21).

Dandelion also may nourish the blood cells in the body. Mice studies show it can help achieve normal red blood cells and white blood cells balance. This way, it may boost the immune system (22).

9. May Prevent Anemia

There is less information available in this aspect. Some research states that dandelion can help prevent anemia as it contains iron (23). One cup of chopped dandelion (55 g) contains about 2 mg of iron (12).

10. May Prevent Water Retention In Kidneys

The diuretic properties of dandelion can help here. Its high potassium content makes dandelion a good diuretic (24).

In a study, intake of dandelion increased the urinary frequency in subjects over a period of 5 hours (25). Hence, this plant shows promise as a diuretic in humans and may help prevent water retention in kidneys. However, if you have kidney disease, consult your doctor before using dandelion.

11. May Boost Skin Health

Studies show that dandelion extracts can protect the skin from UVB damage. They exhibited protective effects against photoaging (26).

In folk medicine, dandelion (especially the sap of the plant) was believed to be used to treat warts and eczema, among other skin disorders (27).

Some evidence also states that the sap of dandelion may be used to combat acne (28). However, more research is warranted in this regard.

These are the ways dandelion can make your life better. Though we know a few of the nutrients present in this plant, well, there is a lot more. In the following section, we will take a detailed look at dandelion’s nutrition profile.

What Is The Nutritional Profile* Of Dandelions?

Nutrient	Unit	1Value per 100 g	1 cup, chopped = 55.0g
Water	g	85.6	47.08
Energy	kcal	45	25
Protein	g	2.7	1.49
Total lipid (fat)	g	0.7	0.39
Carbohydrate, by difference	g	9.2	5.06
Fiber, total dietary	g	3.5	1.9
Sugars, total	g	0.71	0.39
Minerals
Calcium, Ca	mg	187	103
Iron, Fe	mg	3.1	1.71
Magnesium, Mg	mg	36	20
Phosphorus, P	mg	66	36
Potassium, K	mg	397	218
Sodium, Na	mg	76	42
Zinc, Zn	mg	0.41	0.23
Vitamins
Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid	mg	35	19.2
Thiamin	mg	0.19	0.104
Riboflavin	mg	0.26	0.143
Niacin	mg	0.806	0.443
Vitamin B-6	mg	0.251	0.138
Folate, DFE	µg	27	15
Vitamin A, RAE	µg	508	279
Vitamin A, IU	IU	10161	5589
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol)	mg	3.44	1.89
Vitamin K (phylloquinone)	µg	778.4	428.1
Lipids
Fatty acids, total saturated	g	0.17	0.094
Fatty acids, total monounsaturated	g	0.014	0.008
Fatty acids, total polyunsaturated	g	0.306	0.168

* values sourced from USDA, dandelion greens, raw

That’s an impressive nutritional profile, isn’t it? Including dandelions in your diet is quite easy. Up next, we will discuss a few simple ways to do just that.

How To Consume Dandelions

• The simplest way to consume dandelions is to include them in a salad. Just toss a few dandelion greens into your evening vegetable salad.
• Sauteéd dandelions are another good option. Cooking dandelions removes their bitterness. You can boil the greens for about 5 minutes and then transfer them to a pan with garlic and hot olive oil. Sauté for 3 to 5 minutes. Eat as it is.
• You can also use dandelion flower petals in your preparations. You can add the petals to your bakery items like muffins, cookies, or even plain bread.

The most popular way of enjoying the goodness of dandelion is in the form of tea. But how do you make it?

How To Make Dandelion Tea

The process is simple.

1. Throw the dandelion roots into a food processor and process.
2. Dry them at 250o F in an oven until they are completely dry.
3. Roast in the oven at 350o F until they turn brown.
4. Add the roots to water in a pan and bring to a boil. You can add 2 tablespoons of the root for every 16 oz of water.
5. Simmer for 20 minutes.
6. Strain the liquid and drink.

What Is The Ideal Dosage Of Dandelions?

The American Botanical Council recommends the following doses (29):

• For the powdered root, the dosage is 3 to 4 grams, thrice daily.
• If you are taking a decoction, boil 3 to 4 grams of powdered root in 150 ml of water.
• In case of an infusion, you can steep 1 tablespoon of cut root in 150 ml of water.
• If you are having a tincture, stick to 10 to 15 drops, thrice daily.

If you are taking a dandelion supplement, you can follow the dosage prescribed by your health care provider. Dandelion has been given the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status and approved by the US FDA for use as a supplement (30).

You can get the supplement here.

Before you start making dandelion a regular part of your diet, you need to be aware of its side effects.

Do Dandelions Have Any Side Effects?

May Cause Allergies

Dandelions may cause allergic contact dermatitis. This can be attributed to the presence of compounds called sesquiterpene lactones, which are irritants. The symptoms of these allergies include dry and itchy eczema-like reactions (31).

May Interfere With Blood Thinners

Dandelion is rich in vitamin K, which aids blood clotting. Dandelion may interfere with blood thinners like Warfarin (32).

May Cause Kidney Failure In Susceptible Individuals

There is less research on this. However, a herbal remedy containing dandelion as one of the primary ingredients caused renal failure (33). If you have kidney issues, please avoid dandelion and check with your doctor.

There is no information on the safety of dandelion during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Hence, consult your doctor in this regard.

Conclusion

Selvom de ser ud som enkle ukrudt, kan mælkebøtter have flere fordele. Imidlertid er der behov for mere forskning for at fastslå disse fordele for mennesker. Vær også opmærksom på de mulige bivirkninger, og konsulter din sundhedsudbyder, inden du inkluderer mælkebøtte eller kosttilskud i din kost.

Ofte stillede spørgsmål

Indeholder mælkebøtte te koffein?

Nej, det gør det ikke. Men der er mælkebøttekaffe, som er en kaffelignende blanding med virkningen af koffein. Du kan få det her.

Gør mælkebøtte dig søvnig?

Nej, mælkebøtte vides ikke at være en søvnfremkaldende mad.

33 kilder

Stylecraze har strenge sourcing-retningslinjer og er afhængige af peer-reviewed studier, akademiske forskningsinstitutioner og medicinske foreninger. Vi undgår at bruge tertiære referencer. Du kan lære mere om, hvordan vi sikrer, at vores indhold er nøjagtigt og aktuelt ved at læse vores redaktionelle politik.

• The Physiological Effects of Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale) in Type 2 Diabetes, Journal of the Society for Biomedical Diabetes Research, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5553762/

• TOP 1 and 2, polysaccharides from Taraxacum officinale, inhibit NFκB-mediated inflammation and accelerate Nrf2-induced antioxidative potential through the modulation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells, Food and Chemical Toxicology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24447978

• Anti-inflammatory effect of Taraxacum officinale leaves on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells, Journal of Medicinal Food, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20673058/

• Anti-inflammatory effects of water extract of Taraxacum mongolicum hand.-Mazz on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in acute lung injury by suppressing PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25861954

• Dandelion Root and Lemongrass Extracts Induce Apoptosis, Enhance Chemotherapeutic Efficacy, and Reduce Tumour Xenograft Growth In Vivo in Prostate Cancer, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Hindawi.

  www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2019/2951428/

• Dandelion root extract affects colorectal cancer proliferation and survival through the activation of multiple death signalling pathways, Oncotarget, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5341965/

• Effect of Methanolic Extract of Dandelion Roots on Cancer Cell Lines and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway, Frontiers in Pharmacology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29234282

• Selective induction of apoptosis and autophagy through treatment with dandelion root extract in human pancreatic cancer cells, Pancreas, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22647733

• The Effect of Dandelion Leaves and Roots on Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetic Patients, ResearchGate.

  www.researchgate.net/publication/314289194_The_Effect_of_Dandelion_Leaves_and_Roots_on_Blood_Glucose_in_Type_2_Diabetic_Patients

• Taraxacum official (dandelion) leaf extract alleviates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver, Food and Chemical Toxicology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23603008/

• Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) root and leaf on cholesterol-fed rabbits, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20162002

• Dandelion greens, raw, United States Department of Agriculture, Food Products Database.

  fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169226/nutrients

• Daily potassium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio in the reduction of blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Journal of Hypertension, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26039623

• Pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of taraxacum officinale in vitro and in vivo, Nutrition Research and Practice, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2788186/

• Using Herbal Remedies to Maintain Optimal Weight, The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2927017/

• Vitamin K and osteoporosis, Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12905754

• Calcium and bone, Clinical Biochemistry, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22609892

• Prebiotic and Probiotic Regulation of Bone Health: Role of the Intestine and its Microbiome, Current Osteoporosis Reports, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4623939/

• Purification, Preliminary Characterization and Hepatoprotective Effects of Polysaccharides from Dandelion Root, MDPI Open Access Journals.

  www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/9/1409/htm

• Hepatoprotective properties of Dandelion: recent update, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science.

  www.japsonline.com/admin/php/uploads/1850_pdf.pdf

• Effect of Dandelion root extract on growth performance, immune function and bacterial community in weaned pigs, Journal of Food and Agricultural Immunology, Taylor & Francis Online.

  www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540105.2018.1548578

• The Effect of Taraxacum officinale Hydroalcoholic Extract on Blood Cells in Mice, Advances in Hematology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3401523/

• Iron and your health, Harvard Medical School.

  www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/iron-and-your-health

• Evaluation of Dandelion for Diuretic Activity and Variation in Potassium Content, International Journal of Pharmcognosy, Taylor & Francis Online.

  www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/13880209309082914

• The diuretic effect in human subjects of an extract of Taraxacum officinale folium over a single day, Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19678785

• Dandelion Extracts Protect Human Skin Fibroblasts from UVB Damage and Cellular Senescence, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630464/

• Dandelion, Kstate Research and Extension.

  www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/mf2613.pdf

• Dandelion, Taraxacum officinale, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

  fyi.extension.wisc.edu/mastergardener/files/2015/12/dandelion.pdf

• Dandelion root with herb, American Botanical Council.

  cms.herbalgram.org/expandedE/Dandelionrootwithherb.html?ts=1569413154&signature=7dda759c7012da62feead1acbc38ad38

• CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, US Food & Drug Administration.

  www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=182.20

• Phytodermatitis: Reactions in the Skin Caused by Plants, Washington State Department of Labor and Industries.

  www.lni.wa.gov/Safety/Research/Dermatitis/files/phytoderm.pdf

• Prevent Bleeding When Taking Blood Thinners, The Ohio State University.

  patienteducation.osumc.edu/Documents/prevent-bleeding-blood-thinners.pdf

• A brief study of toxic effects of some medicinal herbs on kidney, Advanced Biomedical Research, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3544088/